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A null pointer is a special pointer value that is known not to point anywhere.
The most straightforward way to ``get'' a null pointer in your program is by using the predefined constant NULL.
int *ip = NULL;
it is also possible to refer to the null pointer by using a constant 0.
int *ip = 0;
(In fact, NULL is a preprocessor macro which typically has the value, or replacement text, 0.)
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